IS : `6278 - 1197! Indian Standard ( Reaffirmed 2001 ) CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WHITEWASHING AND COLOUR-WASHING (Si%th Reprint DECEhlRER 1997) UllC 693.61:69.X1.3 @ Copyright 1972 STANDARDS ZAFAR MARG BURBAU OF INDI'AN MAtNAIL BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH NEW.DELHI 110002 Cr2 Junwry lC4R IS :6278 - 1971 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WHITEWASHING AND COLOUR-WASHING FIooricg Chairman SRRI 0. P. bflTTAL and Plastering Sectional Committee, Representing P,DC 5 Directorate General of Posts Department, New Delhi and Telcgrap1.u ` 1 National Rubber Manufacturers Ltd, Calcutta DE D. BANERJEE DR M. L. BRAUM& ( Akmatc ) National Test House, Calcutta SHRI A. K. BNATTA~ZIARYYA LALA G. C. DAS ( Alternate ) Engineer-in-Chief's Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI S. K. BOSE MAJ D. D. SH~RMA ( Alternate ) Arcoy Industries, Ahmadabed SHRI DINESH A. CHOESHI SHRI RASIXLAL A. CEIOKSHI ( Altcrnofe ) MECHANIC_~L Railway Board, Ministry of Railways DEPUTY CHIEF ENOINEER, ICF, MADRAS DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( ARCH ), RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORQANIZATIOI, Luck-NOW ( Alternate) Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik DII~ECTOR RESEARCH OFFICER, MATERIAL TESTING DIVISION ( Afternate ) Concrete Association of India,`Bombay SHRT P. K. DOCTOR Bhor Industries Ltd, Bombay SHRI L. T. GEHXNI SRRI RAMESH D. PATEL ( Alternate) Oxychloride Flooring Products Ltd, Bombay SHEI N. HARILAL DR PRANLAL PATEL ( AItcrnnte ) Modern Tiles 8s Marble, New Delhi SHRI S. C. KAPOOX SHRI A.C. KAPOOR (dkde) Burmah-Shell Oil Storage & Distributing Co of SHRI M. R. MALYA India Ltd, Bombay IBR-B. S. BASSI ( Alternate ) Cent;~or~;~Iding Research Institute (CSIR ), DR MOHAN Rnr SHRI R. K. JAIN ( Alternate ) Coromandel SHRI M. V. MURUGAPPAN SHRI R. SRINIVASAN ( Altnnatc ) Prodorite Pvt Ltd, Madras ( Contind on pug8 2 ) BUREA-U MANAK OF INDIAN STANDARDS MARG BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR NEW DELHI I10002 IS : 6278 - 1971 Members Representing India Linoleums Ltd, 24 Parganas, West Bengal SHRI H. M. NANDKEOLYAR National Buildings Organization, New Delhi DR A. V. R. RAO SHRI 0. P. RATRA ( Altcmatc ) Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay SRRI G. C. SHARMA Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI N. V. SHASTRI ENQINEER Department, Government of Tamil SUPERINT~~NDINO_ _ . Public __ Works . Nadu ( PLANNING AND DESIGN CIRCLE ) DEPUTY CHIEF ENQINEER ( BUILDINQ ) ( Ahrnate ) SUPERINTENDINQ SURVEYOR OF Central Public Works Department, New Delhi WORKS ( NDZ ) WORKS I, SUKVEYOR OF OFFICP: OF THE SSW Sa+cr J F;o;;Js~"cra=r" ) Bureau of Public Enterprises ( Ministry of Finance ) S&r A. P. PARACER ( Alternate ) Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&cio Member ) SHRI D. AJITHA SIM~A, Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI L. RAMACHANDRA RAO Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI iS:6278-1971 lndian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WHITEWASHING AND COLOUR-WASHING 0. 0.1 This FOREWORD Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 27 October 1971, after the draft finalized by the Flooring and Plastering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Whitewashing and colour-washing of surfaces of buildings is necessary on both hygienic and aesthetic reasons. In order to obtain a clean, neat and uniform finish, it is necessary to adopt standard method for both preparation of the surfaces to receive whitewash or colour-wash and for application of whitewash or colour-wash. This standard gives the details of preparatory treatment and the mode of application of whitewash and colour-wash. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.4 For the purpose of,deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed Or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordThe number of significant places retained in the ance with IS : 2-1960.. rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard lays down the method of preparation of surfaces and application of whitewash and colour-wash over concrete, masonry and plaster surfaces in buildings. *Rules ior rounding off numerical values ( raised ). 3 IS : 627JI - 1971 2. MATERIALS 2.1 Lime - Lime used for whitewashing shall be freshly burnt class`C' lime ( fat lime ) and white in colour conforming to IS : 712- 1964*. 2.2 Water impurit,es. 2.3 Gum Water shall be clear, free from all organic and suspended Potable water is most suitable for the purpose. or Glue shall conform to either IS : 253-1964$ to IS : 55-1950s. or 2.4 Sodium Chloride Grade II of IS : 797-1967:. 2.5 2.6 Ultramarine Pigments Blue or Indigo shall conform 2.6.1 Yellow and Red-Ochre - The ochres shall conform The solid Iump shall be crushed to powder. to IS : 47-19501/. 2.6.2 BLhe Vitriol - Fresh crystals of hydrous copper sulphate ( blue vitriol ) shall conform to IS : 261-19667 and shall be grounded to fine powder. 3. SCAFFOLDING 3.1 Wherever scaffolding is necessary, it shall be erected in such a way that as far as possible no part of scaffolding shall rest against the surface to be white or colour-washed. A properly secured and well tied suspended and colourplatform ( JHOOLA ) may also be used for whitewashing are used, pieces of old gunny bags shall be washing. Where ladders For tied at top and bottom to prevent scratches to the walls and floors. white-washing of ceilings, proper stage scaffolding may be erected, where necessary. 4. PREPARATION 4.1 New Surface dust, mortar drops applied. 4.2 Old Surface OF SURFACES The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned of all dirt, and other foreign matter before whitewash is to be 4.2.1 Swfaces, Where the Same Colour-Wash already whitewashed or colour-washed ti to be Repeated - Old surfaces shall be broomed to remove all *Specification for building limes ( wised 1. ( Since revised ). TSpecification for ediblerommon salt ( revised ). ( Since revised ). SSpecification for common salt for chemical industries (Jirt;rst reuision) . §Specification for ultramarine blue for paints. ( Since revised ). [ Since superseded by IS : 44-1969 l\Specitication for ochre for paints. for iron oxide pigments for paints (first rwision ) 1. DSpecification for copper sulphate (Jirst revision ). Specification 4 IS : 6278 - 1971 dust and .dirt. All loose scales of lime wash and other foreign matter shall also be removed. Where heavy scaling has taken place the entire surface shall be scraped clean. This will also apply, where a colour wash has to be given on an already whitewashed surface. 4.2.2 Surfaces, Where Dz'fferent Colour- Wash is to be Applied - Old colour-wash on surfaces shall be entirely removed before whitewash or different colour-wash is applied. The surface shall be prepared by brushing or by scraping or by other suitable means to produce clean surface and shall be broomed to remove dust, dirt, etc. 4.2.3 Old Surfaces Sfioiled by Smoke Soot - The surface shall be scraped with steel wire-brushes or steel scrapers. The surface shall then be broomed to remove all dust and dirt and shall be washed with clean water. 4.2.4 Oil and Grease Spots - Oil and grease spots shall be removed by a suitable chemical and smooth surfaces shall be rubbed with wire-brushes. 4.2.5 All unsound portions of the surface plaster shall be removed to full depth of plaster in rectangular patches and plastered again after raking the masonry joints properly. Such portions shall be wetted and allowed to dry. They shall then be given one coat of whitewash. 4.2.5.1 All unnecessary nails shall be removed; the hbles and cracks filled with lime putty or plaster of Paris to make the surface smooth. 4.2.6 When whitewashing old surfaces, if the slrface was found to be infected with mould growth, it shall be treated in accordance with 4.2.6.1. 4.2.6.1 Any growth of moulds moss shall be removed by scraping with steel scraper and ammoniacal copper solution consisting of 15 g of copper carbonate dissolved in 60 ml of liquor ammonia in 500 ml water, shall be applied to the surface and allowed to dry thoroughly before applying whitewash or colour-wash. An alternative to ammoniacal copper solution treatment may consist of 2 percent sodium pentachlorophenate solution in water. 4.2.7 Local areas affected by efflorescence, shall be initially treated in accordance with the method described in C-3 of IS : 2395 ( Part I ) - 1966* and then applied with whitewash or colourlwash. 5. PREPARATION OF WHITEWASH AND COLOUR-WASH 5.1 Preparation of WhitewashWhitewash shall be prepared from fat lime coriforming to IS : 712 - 1964t. The lime shall be slaked at site and *Code of practice for painting concrete, tions and workmanship. tspecification for building limes ( reuised ). masonry and plaster surfaces: Part I Opera- 5 IS : 6278 - 1971 shall be mixed and stirred with about five litres of water for 1 kg of unslaked lime to make a thin cream. This shall be allowed toe stand- for a period of 24 hours and this shall be screened through a clean coarse Add 1 kg of gum dissolved in hot water to each m3 of lime cloth. cream. About~ l-3 kg of sodium chloride dissolved in hot water may be added for every 10 kg of lime. Small quantity of ultra-marine blue (up to 3 g per kg of lime) shall also be added to the last two coats of whitewash solution and the whole solution shall be stirred thoroughly before use. NOTE 1 - The addition of sodium chloride ( common salt ) to lime-wash helps in quick carbonation of calcium hydroxide making the coating hard and rub-resistant. NOTE 2 - For exterior work the whitewash or colour-wash that will adhere well to stone and masonry surfaces may also be prepared by scattering one part by weight of tallow in small lumps over 12 parts of quick lime, slaking it with only just sufficient water to form a thick paste, stirring occasionally to assist in dispersing the tallow, and The resultant paste shall then be let down to thin allowing it to stand until cool. wash, which is strained through a coarse cloth. If tallow is not obtainable, then linseed oil or caster-oil about 10 percent by weight of dry lime may be used. If the oil dots not sponify and incorporate with lime, it should be heated up until the oil disappears. The oil forms with lime an insoluble soap, which when once dry, will not wash off with heavy rain. In case of colour-wash, mineral colours, such as oxide of iron, red and yellow colours, .based on chromium oxide and carbon black not affected by lime may be added. Use of linseed oil is likely to give slight yellow tinge to whitewash. 5.2 Preparation of Colour-Wash - Sufficient quantity of colour-wash enough for the complete job shall be prepared in one operation to avoid any difference in shade. The basic whitewash solution shall be prepared in accordance with 5.1. Mineral colours not affected by lime shall be added to the whitewash solution as prepared in 5.1. 6. APPLICATION OF WHITEWASH AND COLOUR-WASH 6.1 Application of Whitewash -Whitewash shall be applied with `MOONJ' brush or other brush to the specified number of coats. The operation for each coat shall consist of a stroke of the brush given from the top downwards, another from the bottom upwards~ over the first stroke, and similarly one stroke horizontally from the right and another from the left-before it dries. Each coat shall be allowed to dry before the next coat is applied. No portion of the surface shall be left out initially to be patched up later on. The brush shall be dipped in whitewash pressed lightly against the wall of the container, and then applied by lightly pressing against the surface with full swing of hand. 6.1.1 The whitewashing walls. on ceiling should be done prior to that on 6.L.2 For new work, minimum two coats shall be applied so that the surface presents a smooth Andyuniform finish through which the plaster 6 IS:6278-1971 The finished dry surface shall not show any srgns of does not show. cracking and peeling and the whitewash shall not come off readily on the hand, when rubbed. 6.1.3 For old work, after the surface has been prepared as in 4.2, a coat of whitewash shall be applied over the patches and repairs. Then one, or two or more coats of whitewash shall be applied over the entire surface. The whitewashed surface shall present a uniform finish through which the plaster patches do not show. 6.2 Application of Colour-Wash - The colour-wash shall be applied in accordance with the procedure given in 6.1. For colour-washing on new works, after the surface has been prepared as in 4.1, the first primary coat shall be of whitewash and the subsequent coats ( minimum two ) shall be of colour-wash; and the entire surface shall present a smooth and To start with 0.1 rn? of the prepared surface shall be uniform finish. colour-washed with the first coat of whitewash and subsequent coats of colour-wash solution in full number of coats and the shade so obtained shall be examined before the entire work of colour-washing is taken up It shall be noted that small areas of colour-wash will appear in hand. lighter in shade than when the same shades are applied to large surfaces. 6.2.1 For colour-washing an old work, after the surface has been prepared as in 4.2, a coat of colour-wash shall be applied for the patches and repairs. Then the specified number of coats of colour-wash shall be applied over the entire surface. The colour-wash surface shall present a uniform colour shade. No primary coat is needed for old surface bearing colour of the same shade. 6.2.2 On surfaces requiring a change of colour, after the surface has been prepared as in 4.2.2, two coats of whitewash shall be applied before application of specified number ( minimum two ) of coats of colour-wash of the new shade. 7. PROTECTIVE MEASURES 7.1 Surfaces of doors, windows, floors, articles of furniture, etc, and such other parts of the building not to be whitewashed or colour-washed shall be protected from being splashed upon. Such surfaces shall be cleaned of whitewash or colour-wash splashes, if any.